Month: November 2014

IGCSE Coursework – Writing to Argue (2)

Should the death penalty be restored in the UK?
The restoration of the death penalty for serious crimes is an issue of debate in the UK because of the recent rise in violent crime. The causes, effects and solutions to the problems of violent crime throw up a number of complex issues which are further complicated by the way that crime is reported. Newspapers often sensationalise crime in order to increase circulation and this makes objective discussion more difficult. This essay will examine this topic firstly by considering the arguments put forward by those in favour of the death penalty and then by looking at the arguments opposed to the idea.
The main arguments in favour of restoring the death penalty are those of deterrence and retribution: the theory is that people will be dissuaded from violent crime if they know they will face the ultimate punishment and that people should face the same treatment that they gave out to others. Statistics show that when the death penalty was temporarily withdrawn in Britain between 1965 and 1969 the murder rate increased by 125% (Clark, 2005). However, we need to consider the possibility that other reasons might have lead to this rise. Amnesty International (1996) claims that it is impossible to prove that capital punishment is a greater deterrent than being given a life sentence in prison and that “evidence….gives no support to the evidence hypothesis theory.” It seems at best that the deterrence theory is yet to be proven. The concept of ‘retribution’ is an interesting one: there is a basic appeal in the simple phrase ‘the punishment should fit the crime’. Calder (2003) neatly summarises this argument when he says that killers give up their rights when they kill and that if punishments are too lenient then it shows that we undervalue the right to live. There are other points too in support of the death penalty, one of these being cost. It is obviously far cheaper to execute prisoners promply rather than feed and house them for years on end.
The arguments against the death penalty are mainly ethical in their nature, that it is basically wrong to kill and that when the state kills it sends out the wrong message to the rest of the country. Webber (2005) claims that the death penalty makes people believe that ‘killing people is morally permissable’. This is an interesting argument – would you teach children not to hit by hitting them? Wouldn’t this instead show them that hitting was indeed ‘permissable’? There is also the fact that you might execute innocent people. Innocent people can always be released from prison, but they can never be brought back from the dead. When people have been killed there is no chance of rehabilitation or criminals trying to make up for crimes. For this reason capital punishment has been called ‘the bluntest of blunt instruments’ (Clark, 2005).
In conclusion, the arguments put forward by people who support or are against the death penalty often reflect their deeper principles and beliefs. These beliefs and principles are deeply rooted in life experiences and the way people are brought up and are unlikely to be swayed by clever arguments. It is interesting that in this country most people are in favour of the death penalty yet parliament continues to oppose it. In this case it could be argued that parliament is leading the way in upholding human rights and continues to broadcast the clear message that killing is always wrong.

IGCSE Coursework – Writing to Describe (1)

Mum decided, booked three tickets and we were packed and off. Desination Yemen or the wild west of Arabia as the media call it. The first plane took us to Dubai where we had to wait till early morning to board the decond plane to Yemen. It was early evening and Mum rang her childhood friend but he was out of the country, so she rang my cousin Mo who picked us up and took us to diner. The restaurant he took us to was a typical Yemeny restraunt, very sifferent to any I had been to. Women and men are segregated so we were taqken to a private room upstairs. There was only a carpet on the floor so we sat down and Mo ordered the food. a large plastic mat was put on the carpet and masses of different dishes were put on the mat. I ate till i nearly burst. Mo took us for a drive around town as my sister and I had never been to Dubai. It was all very modern and impressive but all I wanted was to see the desert.

It was dawn when we on the plane, I had the window seat and we were flying south across Arabia. About fifteen minutes into the flight,  Mum tolf me we were over the Empty Quater. The sands were like an ocean, rippled with dunes. The sunlight and the shadowsof the dune made the desert sands look like the were of every shade of yellow, orange and red. I could not turn away from the window, the sights were magical.

In about four hours, we landed in Sanaa airport. There were armed soldiers everywhere carrying machine guns. We walked from the plane to the terminal and the forst thing i saw there were the flies. they were buzzing on the window panes and there were thousands dead on the floor. The taxi that took us to the hotel was a small mini bus, and the driver had a big lump of something he was chewing in his cheek. Mum said it was a plant called Qat and they chewed as a stimulant. The hotel was luxurious, with marble floors, coffee and cake shop, air conditioning and no flies. Actually i did not see many flies for the rest of the trip so maybe the flies at the terminal was the gathering point for Yemens flies. Our room was on the fouteenth floor and the view of the city was amazing. Sanaa is the capital of Yemen and it is built in a massive crator, surrounded by mountains, which are dotted with ancient forts on their hightest points.

We met with an uncle who showed us around the newer parts of town and them we met with his wives and their children. Two days later , we went to stay with an aunt in a town called Radaa. The road to Radaa was  through some very high mountains and they had no barriers on the edges of the roads. My sister was absolutely petrified, and spent nearly all  the three hour drive, with her head down and her eyes firmly shut.

Radaa is a small town, very old , with an ancient mosque and school, and an even more ancient fort on its highest mountain. The main industry in Radaa is silk weaving, and everything is done by hand, in a traditional way no using any modern tecnology or machinery.  The women wear long dress usually black and the men wear silk or cotton fabrics wrapped around their waists and held in place with a belt and dagger. The daggers and belts are very ornate with beautiful designs. Mum bought me a silk wrap and a dagger, with made me fit in with everyones dress style. The men and older boys also carry pistols and AK 47 rifles, but Mum drew the line with the dagger.

My greatuncle took us to see an active volcano in another town called Damt. We had to climb up its very steep side for about thirty five minutes and it was a rocky path worn smooth by rain and well trodden by people, and very slippery. At the top the cator was surrounded by a flimsy rail. It was very deep and at the bottom, there was a big pool of bright green water, and a strong smell of sulpher wafting up. What caught my attention most was the bright blue lizards the lived around the top of the volcano. My sister, who was wearing flipflops, nearly slipped on the way down and had to be held by greatuncle, who moved more like a mountain goat than an old man.

Our next stop, in Damt, was to a volanic water spa. Greatuncle got us a room that had a large bathlike tub, that could fit six people easily, and was filled with very hot volcanic water from a massive tap. It was too hot for me, Mum and my sister only manage to put their feet in. My cousin dived in when I dared him to.  He went in head and all, Mum was not too impress with me for daring him and as he went red all over, she had to find cool water to pour all over him.

We spent two more days in Radaa, then went to visit my uncle in a mountain village called Gharafa. My Dad’s family come from there and everyone in the village is related by blood or marriage. I saw my first camel close up. It was a bull, huge and very muscular, I never imagined they could by that big. My cousins problably seeing the shack in my face , started chucking pebbles at him to get a reaction from him. He started grumbling and pulling at his restaints, lucky he was restained or he would of had us all in one blow. While walking around, my sister, who was still in flipflops, saw something amost the stones on the ground and went to pock it up thinking it was a small lizard. One of the tens of cousins stopped her because it was a scorpion and not a lizard. She jumped back in fright, and landed on a very thick, long thorn, which ofcourse went right through her flipflops and stung her instead of the scorpion.

At my uncle’s house, I went out with my cousins to play. In the village everyone has their livestock and grow their own food. My cousins took me to show me their herds of cows, goats and sheep. They then took me to the chicen coop and got a chickenout for me. I had never been so close to these types of animals. I have seen them at city farms but never so close and it was quite uncomfortable for me, as i did not know what to expect from the animals. I did not want to handle the chicken so my cousin flicked it up in the air, and the chicken decided it want to land on me. I bolted in fright, and stumble on some logs, fell getting grazes on my legs and a cut to my neck. I was screaming and crying , my cousins must have thought me a big woos. To this day I don’t like being close to chickens.

Aden is has a big harbour and is  the second biggest town in Yemen, and that was our next place to visit. We stayed in a hotel that had a private beach and all the rooms were chalets. It was wonderful. I made friends with the workers and they would take me out on their jet skis and their boats with the tourists. In the evening we would play football, volleyball and I taught them cricket. One of the guys, went snorkelling every morning and he took me with him. I caught a squid one time and he took it home and got his wife to make it into calimari and brought it back to me still hot at lunch time. My sister, flipflop, thought there were sharks waiting to eat her, and every time we went into the sea, she would get to about mid thigh deep and then climb onto Mums shoulders. I really enjoyed this holiday, met tons of family, saw many new and different things and except for the chicken business, would love to go again.

 

Tempest Essay Plan

1. Discuss one or more of the play’s comic scenes involving Trinculo, Stephano, and Caliban. How do these scenes parallel and parody the main action of the play? Pay particular attention to Trinculo’s speech about Caliban in Act II, scene ii, lines 18–38. This is one of the longest speeches in the play. How does it relate to larger thematic issues in the play, such as the difference between “men” and “monsters,” or the relationship between colonizers and the colonized?

2. Look at a few of the many passages in the play in which there is mention of noises, sound, or music. Focusing on one or two characters, discuss the role of noise in The Tempest.

3. Virtually every character in the play expresses some desire to be lord of the island. Discuss two or three of these characters. How does each envision the island’s potential?